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Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I sustained a re-injury to the lateral right knee in a hiking incident on a wet path. Initially, I treated with anti-inflammatory medication, ice, elevation and knee brace. This injury was very similar to the previous knee injury, so I thought my knee would heal without seeking orthopedic evaluation. I started using a heating pad with a massage feature to relieve pain and found that the heat helped tremendously, but did not radiate deep enough into my knee.
Since I am a Certified Rehabilitation RN, I started researching the Internet looking for a product that would provide radiant heat. I was happy to discover your Inferno Knee Wrap. I have been using it several times a day for several weeks and I am now pain free and functionally able to resume all activities. I still continue using the Inferno Knee Wrap on a daily basis in hopes that I can prevent another knee injury.
Thank you for such a wonderful product. Rating:  Ann Block Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, Dear Paul,
I wanted to e-mail you and let you know how things are going. In your last e-mail to me you made a very profound statement that I had never heard before. I have been to several doctors over the past 10 years and not any one of them ever told me that snapping hip syndrome was a manifestation of short leg syndrome.
I truly think that many of my problems are layers that have had to have been slowly peeled away to find out what the problem is that is causing each and every one of them.
I thought about the statement that you made and I applied it.
Several years back I had a chiropractor tell me that I had short leg syndrome and that I had fallen arches in my right foot and leg. He ordered me an orthotic and a lift to make up the difference. My foot hurt all the time and my right hip hurt all the time and so I stoppd wearing them. A few years later I discovered that I had a bad right ovary. Once I had a doctor that agreed that it was bad and removed it and all that pain went away I was left with my right foot hurting. I found arch supports that made that better but then I had the bursitus and snapping hip syndrome symptoms.
No Doctor knew what to do for me and basically tried to give me pain medication to cover it up. I don't want to cover anything up. I want to find the root of the problem and treat it. So, I got to thinking about your statement. (I know it seems like I am going around this same tree, but I will get there) My thought was that because of the pain I was suffering from my ovary, maybe with that all gone I should try the lifts again and see what happens. I am tellinig you...that one little statement you made took care of my bursitus and my snapping hip syndrome.
I am no longer suffering from any of that. I have not had to use the ultra sound device at all. I am sleeping well at night. Thank you for your statement.
You just don't know how much that has meant to me. You don't know me, you have never met me but you literally saved the quality of my life. It took me a few days after I read your e-mail to put two and two together so to speak but it was worth trying again. Thank you so much. Rating: Vickie Wilkins Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I purchased this product recently for my plantar fasciitis. I've been using it about a week, and it has helped a lot with the pain when I first get out of my bed in the morning.
I previously tried something else, that was more like a sock, that pulled the toes, and that only caused pain.
This [night splint] is very comfortable to wear, and I love how much I'm able to adjust it!
I would recommend this to anyone! Rating: Bonnie Barber Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, Thank you for your professionalism I also appreciate your knowledge of your products and the links to the other sites. Rating: Lori Stillerman Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, Over the past eight months I have been suffering from shoulder and arm pain. I just kept thinking that the pain would go away on its own. When I reached the point where I was unable to raise my arm
over my head without assistance and forget about putting my arm behind my back.
I decided that a trip to the doctor was due. She ruled out that I had an injury to the Rotator Cuff itself and determined that I had a soft tissue injury. Due to repetitive movement and heavy lifting.
She suggested that I try physical therapy. With my work schedule and family obligations I knew that was going to be very difficult and I wanted something that I could fit into my schedule. So I began doing research on the internet for alternative treatments and exercises.
That's when I found your product on the internet. I was somewhat skeptical as to rather it would perform as stated, but decided to give it a try. It was stated that it could take up to three weeks to feel results.
BUT I am here to say that for myself it has done better. I have been using the Freezie Wrap for a week and have already felt some improvement. I can now raise my arm to just about shoulder height unassisted, and can now almost get my finger tips back behind my back.
I make a point of using Freeze Wrap as soon as I get home from work to relieve the stress to my muscles from work and to keep the inflammation down. Now that I have gotten some of the inflammation gone I intend to incorporate the Inferno Wrap treatment to my regiment to just before going bed to aid the healing process and aid in a better night's sleep. Rating: Nancy Jensen Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I spent 7 years in the gym walking one hour and working out. I lost 85 pounds in about 2 years with a lot of hard work and dedication. After I left the gym in 2008 due to it closing I started having problems about a year later.
I recently had surgery on my left shoulder on Jan 4th of this year to shave down the bone to leave enough space for my shoulder joint to work.
It seemed to be healing slowly, until I probably reinjured it trying to cut down a small tree. I went back to my Orthopedic Surgeon for my follow up and had to have a cortizone shot in June so I could be painfree while on a long awaited vacation.
The shot lasted until September and had another shot October 26 with a warning from the Dr that if I couldn't get any better through therapy by Jan 6 2011 I would have to have the full surgery with my tendons and muscles sewn up to the top of my Rotator Cuff. I told him I don't want to go through the pain again, since I can't take pain medication due to my daily med I have to take for PTSD and can't take them both at the same time.
So I did some research for the last 2 months and kept coming up with the MendMeShop Left Shoulder Inferno Wrap. I printed all the material and showed it to my OS and he said to try it if I think it will help me. I received it in 2 days last Friday and was out of town overnight.So I didn't get to try it until Saturday night. I tried it wrapped over a sweater with a thermal shirt underneath and the heat went right through and felt like I was at the physical therapist.
The next day I did a few 60 minute sessions and I could feel my muscles ache a little bit, but NO PAIN praise God !!! I was buying a large tube of Extra Strength Muscle Rub with 16 % Menthol once a week to bear the pain along with 800 ML of Ibuprofen.Today is Thursday and I haven't had to put any rub on
my shoulder since coming home Saturday night. This Inferno Wrap is incredible and is worth every penny. I am on Disability so I can't afford to waste
a penny, but this purchase is becoming a lifesaver for me. Sometimes I just unplug from the charger, tuck the little 8 inch connector, then I tighten
the wrap to make it a compression support and the heat stays in it for hours and allows me to be able to function a lot less painful since I am left handed also.
If I could give it a 10 star rating instead of a 5 star I would. I will keep you all up to date a few times a week as I progress, along with any replies I might receive.
Sun Nov 14, 2010 2:51 pm Rating: Rajendra Singh
Possible Reasons for High Rates of Hamstring Injury:
Timing and Coordination problems during a running sprint - specifically during the time the back leg is off the ground and pulled forward (to place on ground in front of you).
Running stride is too long (overstride), or the sway in the run is significant (causing more stress on the hamstring).
An Improperly healed hamstring injury will predispose you to another hamstring injury.
Lack of stiffness in the hamstring muscle will increase your chance of a strain when your feet are contacting the ground in a run. (inability to absorb enough shock)
Improper warm-up before exercise.
A slippery playing surface increase your odds of a hamstring strain due to slipping.
Certain Lower Back Issues may potentially cause weakened muscles; weak hamstring muscles are more prone to strain than stronger hamstring muscles.
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Hamstring Avulsion
(Complete Hamstring Muscle Tear)
A complete hamstring avulsion can occur at the pelvis, the shinbone, or a complete tear within one of the hamstring muscles; the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, or semimembranosus. Although hamstring strains are common among athletes, complete tears of the hamstring are rare and may go unnoticed.
If you have suffered from a forceful pull of the hamstring it is recommended that you see a doctor for a proper diagnosis as symptoms of a complete tear are similar to those of a hamstring pull or strain. Early diagnosis of a complete hamstring tear is very important. If treatment is delayed, a torn hamstring tendon may pull further away from the bone. This can result in a greater loss of power, the need for surgery, or a more serious condition in the lower back, buttock, calf, or posterior thigh.
A hamstring avulsion that occurs at the origin of the hamstring tendon, where it attaches to the ischium, is the most common type of hamstring avulsion. It is referred to as a proximal tendon avulsion. In this case, the hamstring tendon tears completely away from the bone, sometimes taking a bit of fractured bone with it. If this type of hamstring avulsion is diagnosed in the early stages and treated accordingly, there is a greater chance of rehabilitation and restoration of full hamstring muscle function.
A hamstring avulsion occurring at the insertion of the hamstring muscle, where it attaches to the tibia or fibula, is less common than a tear at the ischium. This type of avulsion is called a distal tendon avulsion. A complete tear may also occur in one of the hamstring muscles, tearing the muscle in half.
In general, the sooner a hamstring a avulsion is diagnosed, the better. If surgery is required, prompt reattachment of the hamstring tendon is important to avoid poor leg control, cramping, loss of power, difficulties running or walking, and deterioration in the hamstring muscles. If a hamstring avulsion is left untreated it may lead to sciatic paresthesias, sciatic neuralgia, or hamstring syndrome which can cause chronic pain in the lower back, buttock and posterior thigh region.
To read more about avulsion surgery visit our Hamstring Surgery page.
Causes and Risk Factors
Most hamstring injuries occur with a sudden forcible contraction of the muscles against resistence, when the muscle contracts while it is lengthened. For example, when a water skier is pulled forward or a sprinter pushes off to propel forward.
If this overloading occurs, the hamstrings are at risk of being injured if:
- the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, or semimembranosus are tight or fatigued.
- the hamstrings are weak from inactivity or previous injury.
- there is a great muscle imbalance between the quadriceps and the hamstrings as it can cause the hamstrings to fatigue faster.
- you are a young athlete who is growing. Often, bones grow faster than the attached muscles which makes the hamstrings tight.
- you are participating in sports that can overload the hamstrings; soccer, football, basketball, running, sprinting, or dancing
Symptoms of a Hamstring Avulsion
- Pain at the back of the thigh, especially at the time of tear
- Loss of power
- May be unable to walk without a crutch
- Weakness in the hamstring muscles
- Tenderness, bruising and swelling
Hamstring Avulsion Treatments
Treating your hamstring avulsion promptly and correctly is essential to getting rid of your pain and restoring function to your upper thigh. Proper treatment will get you back to regular activities sooner, stop your pain, and reduce the risk of future re-injury.
Whether you are treating your hamstring avulsion with non-surgical methods or healing your hamstring after surgery, there are home therapies that can help. Freezie Wrap® cold compression therapy, and Inferno Wrap® Blood Flow Stimulation Therapy™ can speed your recovery and leave your hamstring tissue stronger and healthier than if left to heal on its own.
To restore strength and range of motion in your hamstrings, treatment should focus on preventing scar tissue formation and muscle atrophy (shrinkage and weakening of the muscle). This requires rest and the appropriate therapies at the right time. Initial treatment following injury or surgery is cold compression therapy, a therapy that has been used for centuries to treat pain and swelling. Use of the Inferno Wrap® (Blood Flow Stimulation Therapy™) will further promote healing while strengthening your tendon and muscle tissue to restore the health and function of your hamstring muscles.
Cold Compression Therapy – The Freezie Wrap®! Treating a hamstring avulsion or the pain and swelling caused by surgery with cold compression therapy as soon as you can is important to decrease swelling and inflammation. Not only does it make your leg feel better, it limits the amount of tissue damage that occurs within the first 72 hours of trauma to the muscles and tendon.
When a hamstring pull or tear occurs we think the damage is done at the time of the injury. In reality, the tissue damage continues to occur even after the injury has happened or after any damage occurred during the operation. Yes, at the time of the injury blood vessels are damaged. But even after the trauma, swelling and inflammation set in and block blood vessels causing further damage.
Here's why! Blood contains oxygen that is vital to the survival of your tissue cells. Blocked blood vessels can no longer carry blood to your cells and the cells begin to break-down further damaging your injured hamstring. By applying cold compression therapy to an injury or the surgical area, you reduce tissue damage and reduce the amount of healing that will be required to get your hamstring muscles and tendons back to normal.
Aside from preventing tissue damage, cold compression therapy reduces pain by gently numbing nerves in the sore area and providing comforting support to your hamstring muscles. Initially, you may use pain killers or anti-inflammatory medications but these can affect your organs and should never be used for a long period of time. Cold compression therapy is the natural way to reduce upper leg pain quickly.
The Leg/Arm Freezie Wrap® cold compression therapy is an effective and innovative way to treat your pain. The therapy behind the Freezie Wrap® has been doctor recommended for centuries but the Freezie Wrap® itself is a new, safer way to get it!
The cooling gel packs inside the Freezie Wrap® have been designed with ColdCure Technology®. This allows the pack to be supercharged in the fridge, not in the freezer like ice or other freezer packs! You get deep cold compression therapy without the risk of 'cold burns' or cryoburn to the layers of your skin. This unique technology, inside a soft and completely adjustable neoprene wrap, gives you comfortable, convenient, and effective cold compression therapy.
Have a Leg/Arm Freezie Wrap® on hand to treat your hamstring after activity, injury, re-injury, or surgery to calm inflammation, treat pain quickly, and stop further tissue damage. The wrap is so versatile you can use it on your arm, foot, calf, and almost everywhere on your body!
Once the initial swelling and severe inflammation from your tear is under control or your surgical incision has healed(via use of the Freezie Wrap®, you can begin using BFST® to accelerate the healing process. Regular Inferno Wrap® treatments can further reduce inflammation, kick start the healing process, and treat scar tissue as it begins to form.
MendMeShop® Inferno Wrap® - Improved Range of Motion! One of the most common complaints after a hamstring injury begins to heal is tightness and a limited range of motion. The tightness is caused by tough fibrous scar tissue build up on the muscles and/or tendons. Scar tissue is the body's way to heal tissue quickly. It forms at the site of the injury to repair tears, small or large. Although it repairs the tears, scar tissue is inflexible, prone to re-tearing, and can cause pain. Healthy tissue is stronger and more elastic. Healthy tissue allows your muscles and tendons to expand and contract easily, without pain and with less risk of tearing again. Treating scar tissue is the only way to restore muscle function properly and get your range of motion back!
The Inferno Wrap® is an effective and pain-free way to soften scar tissue and return your muscle tissue to a more flexible, stronger state. Physical therapy, manipulation, and deep tissue massage can help to treat scar tissue but these methods are expensive, time consuming, painful, and in some cases, may require further tearing to loosen the scar tissue.
A personal Inferno Wrap® allows you to treat your hamstring injury conveniently using Blood Flow Stimulation Therapy™ in your own home, on your schedule, and for less time and money than any other method. Inferno Wraps® also increase the flexibility of the muscle tissue, which speeds along the healing process and decreases your chance of re-injury. A 15 to 25 minute treatment, twice a day, will speed healing and further reduce your painful pulled hamstring symptoms while improving the range of motion in your upper leg. That's all it takes to get your hamstring muscle back to normal and you back to your activities!
In addition, hamstring pulls can lead to other overuse injuries if left untreated. The pain of a pulled hamstring can cause you to re-adjust your posture and change your gait to take weight off your sore hamstring muscles. This can cause excess strain in your back, hip, knees and ankles. The Inferno Wrap® can be used to treat all of your strains and tears, as well as other painful conditions like bursitis, tendinitis, and joint pain. It is a great tool to have on hand for so many soft tissue injuries!
Blood Flow Stimulation Therapy™ - Faster, More Complete Healing Once inflammation and swelling have been reduced in your hamstring muscles, nourishing and strengthening the tissue in your upper leg is the goal. Blood Flow Stimulation Therapy™ (BFST®) promotes blood flow to the treatment area bringing the necessary oxygen and nutrients to your muscle fibers. BFST® speeds up the body's natural repair process for faster healing and stronger tissue.
When you rest and stop moving your leg because it hurts, the natural blood flow is reduced. Without proper blood flow, musclar atrophy (shinkage or deterioration of a muscle) can occur as your body's ability to heal itself becomes limited. You need to improve blood flow while giving your hamstring the rest it needs. That's where the Inferno Wrap® comes in.
Not only does the Inferno Wrap® speed your recovery through BFST®, the gentle warming that is produced with the increase in blood flow relaxes your thigh muscles and and whisks away dead cells and toxins that have accumulated from the damaged tissue. This further loosens your muscles and makes your hamstring feel better.
Keeping your legs as healthy and strong as possible throughout the healing process will allow you to get back to your regular activities faster. The Leg/Arm Inferno Wrap®, available exclusively from MendMeShop®, provides effective, non-invasive, non-addictive pain relief and healing with no side effects.
The benefits of BFST® do not end once your hamstring stops hurting! Even when your upper thigh muscles have healed, your activities can put them at risk of an overuse injury, tightness, a strain, or another tear. An Inferno Wrap® treatment before activity is an easy way to warm up the muscles and prepare them for use. Then, end your day with another treatment to prevent tightness from setting in overnight. This incredible healing tool will be the ticket to healthy hamstrings for years to come!
With these 3 easy therapies: , Freezie Wrap® cold compression therapy, Blood Flow Stimulation Therapy™ through use of the Inferno Wrap® device and rehabilitative stretching through use of the Knee-Flex® Passive Knee Stretch Device, you will notice significantly reduced pain and an incredible improvement in your hamstring pain.
- Calm Inflammation
- Reduce Swelling
- Soften Scar Tissue
- Increase Range of Motion
- Stop Pain
- Promote Blood Flow
- Speed Healing
- Prevent Atrophy
You will notice significantly reduced pain and an incredible improvement in your hamstring range of motion.
During your recovery, you may have to modify and/or eliminate any activities that cause pain or discomfort in your hamstring until your pain and inflammation settle. The more dedicated you are with your treatment and rehabilitation, the faster you will see successful results!
Please be aware that this information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider before starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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Hamstring Injury Facts:
Hamstring Muscles cross both your hip and knee, and help extend (straighten) the hip or bend the knee.
A Hamstring injury is an injury to one of the three different hamstring muscles in the back of the thigh.
The three Hamstring muscles name are: Biceps Femoris, Semitendinousus, Semimembranosus muscles.
Continually using your Hamstring muscles while injured will lead to a worse injury; and yes, it is difficult to avoid using the Hamstring.
Most Hamstring injuries happen while playing sports, such as soccer or football.
Once you have suffered one Hamstring injury, there is a very good chance you will suffer another Hamstring injury.
Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I purchased the Inferno and Freezie because on August 28th my life changed, I was in Florida at the beach taking my last skimboarding run when I heard the dreaded pop and hit from behind. I had in fact after an MRI 2 weeks later ruptured my Achilles Tendon 100%.
I was devastated...being 50, an athlete, former track record holder, my life came to a complete standstill. I found your site from an Achilles site with Blogs and I am very grateful.
My current condition is nothing short of a miracle.
I had surgery two and half weeks ago , surgery was open to repair tendon and was one hour 20 minutes. I was placed in a hard cast with toes down for 1 week, I observed all rules and used crutches 100%.
After 1 week cast was removed then I was back in my air cast, I could put absolutely no pressure whatsoever on the repaired leg for 4 days.
I received your products and immediately used them. The inferno wrap and freezie are my favorites, I just drove home 200 miles with the inferno wrap on via a 12 volt inverter.
Last Saturday night I went out in a flip flop with the injured foot to just get used to having some weight on it. This past week i experimented with different shoes and sneakers and when I attended my second PT session all the swelling and bruising was gone and I had great side to side motion still working on stretching the achilles.
Yesterday I drove with sneakers on and walked 1.5 miles on my sons college campus with no crutch, can, etc. Today I wore docksiders and drove home another 200 miles, I am now laying in bed with the Inferno on my left foot which has the intact achilles but it is sore due to disruption of weight from injury, at the same time I have the Freezie on my repaired leg.
After reading all the stories on the internet and talking with people as well as knowing of the seriousness of this injury, I believe your products have played a key role to getting me back on my feet and my life headed back to normal 1000 times faster than the average achilles rupture patient.
Thank You so much for great products and superior service as well as unprecedented guarantee. I will let you know when I am walking normal without any limp Rating: D Hunziker
Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I have had good consultations and help from the customer service at MendMeShop and I appreciate their high quality of service which has helped me by answering all of my questions and concerns. I suffered Hip Bursitis for over 6 years. Rating: Sharon Elzaurdia
Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, Two years ago, after returning to the gym for the first time in over a decade, I developed intense lower back pain which radiated into my left hip and leg. I also developed snapping hip syndrome. After many expensive visits to a chiropractor and physical therapist, I gained some relief, but still experienced constant low level pain in the injured areas with episodes of intense debilitating pain which interfered with my sleep and work. After searching online for alternative and cost effective self treatment methods, I discovered your website and purchased your Back/Hip Inferno Wrap and Back/Hip Freezie Wrap. Within a short period of time of using these products, I noticed a huge reduction in pain. Two months later, the pain is barely noticeable, the snapping hip syndrome is an unpleasant memory and I feel that significant long term healing of chronic injuries is taking place. I absolutely LOVE your products, and enthusiastically recommend them to everyone I meet who is experiencing similar pain issues. Kudos to Paul and everyone in your customer service department which is beyond compare in terms of knowledge, promptness and genuine concern for your customers! Rating: Stephen Williams
Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I'm sorry I missed your call to tell you how pleased I am with the [inferno] wrap. I've only had it six days and there is some improvement already.
I sprained a ligament in both knees a month ago doing aerobics, and was beginning to feel I would never heal. The thermal wrap is just wonderful. I will certainly recommend it to anyone I know that needs such treatment.
My husband will be eternally grateful for your product - he has to do the daily vacuuming from our exotic birds and our 3 dogs.
Thank you for your phone call and offer of assistance. Rating: Patricia Davidson
Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, I am a very active individual. If I am not running or lifting weights you can usually find me doing various outdoor and home improvement projects.
That is why when I recently started experiencing pain in my shoulder, upper arm and forearm I concluded that I had aggravated an old rotator cuff injury. Initially I ignored the discomfort, thinking that that would make it magically disappear but, to my disappointment the pain only continued to get worse.
After a couple of months of I pain, I decided to do something for myself. I tried stretching exercises, massage, the heating pad and ibprofen but nothing seemed to be helping.
That's when I went online and found the Mend Me Shop and the inferno wrap for the shoulder seemed like a good way to wrap the heat around the immediate area that needed treating.
When I picked up the package from the post office I was anxious to get started. I was so pleased that after only three days of using the products, I was feeling relief. It's only been a little over a week since I started treatments and I can say that I can once again imagine living without the that constant pain.
Thanks so much for the relief !!! Rating: Theresa Zimmerman
Results may vary. Remember to include your physician in choosing the best treatment option for you. To discuss your particular situation and how our products can help, call us toll-free at 1-866-237-9608.
Dear MendMeShop, Dear "Aid My Tendon",
I am so happy I found your company when I did an "achilles tendon" search on the internet. The kit has been a Godsend and I can use it in my own home and when it is convenient for me.
So far it has given me amazing results. When it starts to flare up again (usually because I have worn the "wrong" shoes) I just go to work on it with the Inferno Wrap.
Thanks for making these products available to the public.
Yours truly,
Glenna Rating: Glenna Keoskie
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